Proceedings Book of International Conference and Exhibition on The Indonesian Medical Education Research Institute

Effects of Integrated Nutrition-Specific and Nutrition-Sensitive Interventions on Child Growth Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Dwi Lisa Nuraini — 2026-02-06

Child undernutrition and poor linear growth remain major challenges in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Integrated approaches combining nutrition-specific interventions—such as infant and young child feeding (IYCF), supplementation, and counseling—with nutrition-sensitive components including agriculture, cash transfers, WASH, and behavior-change communication are widely promoted, but their effectiveness remains inconsistent. This systematic review, conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, synthesized evidence from cluster randomized trials, randomized controlled trials, and quasi-experiments evaluating child growth outcomes in LMICs (HAZ, LAZ, WAZ, WHZ). Searches across PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane CENTRAL, and OpenAlex identified 4,041 records, from which 12 studies met inclusion criteria; meta-analysis was not performed due to heterogeneity. Nutrition-specific interventions, particularly IYCF and home-based health promotion, improved developmental outcomes and modestly enhanced linear growth (e.g., Tanzania: cognitive SMD 0.15 [95% CI 0.05–0.24]; motor 0.16 [0.03–0.28]). Facility-based counseling increased exclusive breastfeeding (+12.8 pp [2.1–23.6]) and feeding frequency (+14.1 pp [9.0–19.2]) without significant anthropometric effects. Agriculture plus behavior-change programs improved diet quality and growth (Ethiopia: HAZ +0.28 [0.02–0.54]; Ghana: β≈0.40–0.44). WASH-only interventions in Bangladesh, Zimbabwe, and Cambodia showed minimal impact on growth. Integrated nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive programs yield modest but meaningful gains in linear growth, particularly with high program intensity and caregiver participation, whereas household-level WASH interventions alone are insufficient. Future efforts should emphasize harmonized intervention frameworks and standardized outcome measures to strengthen comparability and policy relevance.

Platelet-Rich Plasma as a Pharmacopuncture Agent in Cervical Myofascial Pain

Irma Nareswari — 2026-02-06

Chronic cervical myofascial pain (CMP) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder characterized by persistent neck pain, inflammation, functional impairment, and altered pain processing. Conventional treatments, including pharmacological therapy and physical rehabilitation, often provide limited and temporary relief. Increasing evidence suggests that chronic CMP involves not only peripheral nociceptive input but also nociplastic pain mechanisms driven by sustained neuroimmune dysregulation and central sensitization. Pharmacopuncture, combining acupuncture point stimulation with localized injection of therapeutic agents, has evolved with the introduction of regenerative biologics such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP). PRP contains concentrated platelets and bioactive growth factors, including VEGF, PDGF, and TGF-β, which exert anti-inflammatory and tissue-reparative effects. Emerging data indicate that PRP pharmacopuncture may reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β and TNF-α), modulate regulated cell death pathways (e.g., apoptosis and pyroptosis), and promote the restoration of myofascial tissue homeostasis. These mechanisms may contribute to both peripheral tissue repair and attenuation of nociplastic pain processing. This narrative review synthesizes current clinical and experimental evidence on the biological mechanisms and therapeutic potential of PRP pharmacopuncture in chronic CMP. Available studies report meaningful improvements in pain intensity and functional outcomes compared with conventional acupuncture or pharmacotherapy alone. However, substantial methodological heterogeneity may arise from PRP preparation protocols, acupoint selection, and outcome measures, limiting the ability to draw definitive conclusions. High-quality randomized controlled trials incorporating standardized protocols and mechanistic biomarkers are required to establish PRP pharmacopuncture as an evidence-based integrative treatment for chronic CMP.

The Dual Effect of Tolvaptan on Diuresis and Azotemia in a Case of Acute Kidney Injury with Furosemide Resistance After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Case Report

Eddo Supriyadi — 2026-02-06

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) affects up to 30% of patients, increasing morbidity and mortality. Increasing Furosemide dose, by blocking sodium, potassium, and chloride reabsorption, paradoxically increases urea reabsorption to maintain medullary osmolarity. This increased urea retention reduces Furosemide’s effectiveness and can elevate urea levels. Tolvaptan, a V2 receptor antagonist, indirectly inhibits Urea Transporter A1 (UT-A1), potentially opposing this effect. Case Presentation: A 67-year-old man post-CABG developed inadequate diuresis despite high-dose Furosemide (20 mg/hour). Post-extubation, he experienced worsening dyspnea, positive fluid balance, elevated Central Venous Pressure (CVP), and a sharp rise in creatinine (0.97 to 4.74 mg/dL). Dialysis was planned on Day 3 but deferred for observation after initiating Tolvaptan. Following Tolvaptan administration, diuresis improved, CVP decreased, and Creatinine fell to 2.11 mg/dL. The patient recovered without further events. Discussion: This case describes the potential use of Tolvaptan as an adjunct to Furosemide to improve diuresis and decrease urea reabsorption. Furosemide improves diuresis by blocking electrolyte reabsorption, but this effect is often counteracted by a compensatory increase in urea reabsorption to maintain peritubular tissue osmolarity, which lowers the overall potency of the diuretic. This water retention, coupled with increased sodium chloride in the tubule, triggers the macula densa and juxtaglomerular feedback, thus lowering GFR. Conclusion: Tolvaptan's potential to augment diuresis and improve urea removal is beneficial to reduce the need for dialysis. Further study is needed to confirm this theoretical application in other clinical settings.

Anesthetic Considerations in a Neonate Undergoing Thoracoscopic Removal of a Thoraco-Amniotic Shunt Following Prenatal Management of Fetal Pleural Effusion: A Case Report

Nugroho Nugroho — 2026-02-06

Fetal pleural effusion is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the chest cavity of a developing fetus. It may be primary, often caused by lymphatic leakage such as chylothorax, or secondary to immune causes like Rh or ABO incompatibility, as well as nonimmune factors including chromosomal abnormalities, genetic disorders, infections, and congenital heart defects. These effusions may be associated with hydrops fetalis. The preferred prenatal treatment is thoraco-amniotic shunt (TAS), which drains pleural fluid into the amniotic sac. TAS improves lung development and has a survival rate of up to 85% in nonhydropic fetuses. A 34-week pregnant woman (gravida 2, para 1) was referred with suspected fetal lung fluid and diagnosed with fetal pleural effusion by ultrasound. After multidisciplinary evaluation, an ultrasound-guided thoraco-amniotic shunt (TAS) was performed under maternal spinal anesthesia, with fetal analgesia and paralysis achieved using fentanyl and vecuronium. The procedure was successful without complications. The patient delivered by cesarean section at 38 weeks. Postnatal imaging showed the shunt in place without residual effusion. On day six of life, the neonate underwent successful thoracoscopic shunt removal under general anesthesia, with stable intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. Conclusion, Thoraco-amniotic shunt placement and postnatal thoracoscopic removal require careful anesthetic planning and multidisciplinary coordination. Understanding maternal-fetal physiology and neonatal immaturity is essential. With thorough assessment and precise anesthetic management, both intrauterine and neonatal procedures can be performed safely with favorable outcomes.

Comparative Study of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Abrus precatorius Extracts from the Biofarmaka Herbal Garden and the Materia Medica Garden Batu

Chika Lovenia Christy — 2026-02-06

Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality among women. Doxorubicin is a mainstay in breast cancer therapy; however, its use is limited by toxicity and adverse effects. Abrus precatorius (APC) contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anticancer potential, though variations in growing conditions may influence its activity. This study compared the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of 70% ethanol leaf extracts of APC from the Biofarmaka Garden (Bogor, West Java) and the Materia Medica Garden (Batu, East Java). Qualitative phytochemical screening was performed to identify secondary metabolites. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH assay with vitamin C as the positive control, while cytotoxic activity was assessed against MCF-7 cells using the MTT assay with doxorubicin as the positive control. IC₅₀ values were calculated and analyzed using independent t-test and Mann–Whitney test. Both extracts contained saponins, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and steroids. Antioxidant activity was moderate with IC₅₀ values of 175.70 ± 0.69 µg/mL (Bogor) and 173.07 ± 0.07 µg/mL (Batu) (p = 0.021). Cytotoxic activity was weak with IC₅₀ values of 264.51 ± 8.11 µg/mL (Bogor) and 257.35 ± 33.92 µg/mL (Batu) (p = 0.513). Both extracts showed similar phytochemical profiles, with moderate antioxidant and weak cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 cells.

Keywords: Abrus precatorius, antioxidant, cytotoxic, MCF-7, IC₅₀

Quantitative Flavonoids and Antioxidant Profiles by DPPH Assay of Centella Asiatica Serum Cosmetic Products Versus Ethanol Extract

Sutan Farrell Habibie — 2026-02-06

The cosmetic industry is currently leaning toward herbal skincare products due to strong consumer preference for natural ingredients. Centella asiatica (CA) is frequently used as it contains flavonoids and centelloids known for their beneficial antioxidant properties. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of CA extract when incorporated into cosmetic formulations by comparing the total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity of five commercial serums (A-E) against a pure CA ethanol extract. The experimental study was conducted in vitro, utilizing the CA extract, Vitamin C (as a positive control), and the five commercial serum products. TFC was determined quantitatively using UV-Visible spectrophotometry and quercetin standard. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH assay to calculate the IC50 value. Pure CA extract showed a mean TFC of 37.10 ± 0.21 mg QE/g, with serum samples showing high variability; the highest being Sample C with a TFC of 216.6 (99.89 - 246.1) mg QE/g and the lowest being sample E with a TFC of 24.75 ± 1.88 mg QE/g. Crucially, the pure CA extract demonstrated strong antioxidant activity with a mean IC50 of 52.45 ± 4.96 ppm. In contrast, all serum products exhibited significantly weaker antioxidant activities. Samples C and D resulted in extremely high IC50 values of 244100 ± 116700 ppm and 319300 ± 95700 ppm respectively, categorized as lower than weak, while samples A, B, and E were unable to reach 50% inhibition, indicating an antioxidant capacity below the measurable range. In conclusion, despite the pure Centella asiatica ethanol extract showing robust antioxidant activity, the commercial cosmetic serums demonstrated a significantly lower range of activity and highly inconsistent TFC, suggesting that the raw extract's potency does not reliably transfer to the final product formulation.

Association between Musculoskeletal Status and Genetic Mutations in Patients with Hemophilia A

Fitri Primacakti — 2026-02-06

Introduction: Hemophilia A is an inherited bleeding disorder caused by mutations in the factor VIII (FVIII) gene. These mutations result in either reduced FVIII synthesis (null variants) or loss of FVIII function (non-null variants). Null variants are typically associated with more severe FVIII deficiency and recurrent joint bleeding, which may adversely affect musculoskeletal health. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between musculoskeletal status and genetic mutations in patients with hemophilia A. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from June 2024 to March 2025. Genetic analysis was performed at the Human Genetic Research Center using inverse-shifting PCR and Sanger sequencing. Mutations were classified as null variants (intron-22 inversion, intron-1 inversion, large deletion, and nonsense mutations) and non-null variants (missense and non-conserved splice mutation). Musculoskeletal status was assessed by the presence of target joints and the Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS), which evaluates global gait and joint function of the elbows, knees, and ankles. Higher HJHS scores indicate worse joint health. Results: Sixty patients were included in this study, of which 39 had severe, 15 had moderate, and the remaining 6 had mild hemophilia A. The median age was 9.5 years (range 2-18). Null variants were identified in 45/60 patients and non-null variants in 15/60 patients. The most common target joints were the knees in patients with null variants and the ankles in those with non-null variants. The median HJHS was 4 (Q1-Q3: 2-13.5) in the null variant group and 2 (Q1-Q3: 1-11) in the non-null variant group. No significant association was observed between the target joint and the HJHS and genetic mutations. Further subgroup analysis showed no difference in HJHS between mutation groups among patients receiving prophylaxis (p=0.366) or on-demand treatment (p=0.458). Conclusion: No association was found between genetic mutation type and musculoskeletal status in patients with Hemophilia A. HJHS did not differ between mutation groups regardless of treatment regimens.

Application of The JMF 10 Warning Signs for Early Detection of Primary Immunodeficiency among Children with Recurrent Infections in Indonesia

Dina Muktiarti — 2026-02-06

Introduction: Limited awareness and diagnostic resources contribute to delayed recognition of primary immunodeficiency (PID). The Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) 10 warning signs have been widely used for screening. However, their diagnostic performance has not been validated in Indonesia. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the JMF 10 warning signs for early detection of PID among children with recurrent infections in Indonesia. Methods: This multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted across 10 hospitals in Jakarta involving 254 children aged 0–18 years who met the severe, persistent, unusual, and recurrent (SPUR) infection criteria. The diagnosis of PID was established based on clinical diagnosis by the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) Registry Working Definitions. Analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and accuracy of the JMF 10 warning signs. Results: Diagnostic performance for PID improved with the number of warning signs, with overall accuracy increasing from 15% (1 sign) to 86.2% (≥5 signs). A total score of ≥3 signs was associated with higher occurrence of PID (PR 2.63; 95% CI 1.23–5.60; p = 0.008), providing an optimal balance of 75.7% sensitivity and 48.9% specificity. The two most specific indicators were recurrent severe sinus infections (99.5%) and ear infections (95%). All PID subjects required IV antibiotics. Conclusion: The JMF warning signs remain a valuable clinical screening tool for early detection of PID among Indonesian children. A threshold of three or more warning signs provides reasonable accuracy for screening and referral of PID in resource-limited settings.

Relationship between Emergency Department Triage Data and 24- and 48- Hour Mortality in an Academic Teaching Hospital

Ramdinal Aviesena Zairinal — 2026-02-06

Introduction: Triage data plays an essential role in the initial assessment and prioritization of emergency patients. However, the association between triage parameters and short- term mortality remains underexplored. Evaluating 24-hour and 48-hour mortality may serve as an indicator of the effectiveness of triage and early resuscitation efforts. Objectives: To determine the relationship between emergency department triage parameters and short-term mortality (24-hour and 48-hour) among patients treated at an academic teaching hospital. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all patients admitted to the emergency department from January to February 2024. Demographic and clinical data obtained during triage were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with 24-hour and 48-hour mortality. Results: A total of 1,976 patients were included. The 24-hour and 48-hour mortality rates were 1% and 5%, respectively. Significant predictors of 24-hour mortality were triage category (OR = 4.42; 95% CI 1.93–10.09), respiratory rate (OR = 1.09; 95% CI 1.02–1.16). Predictors of 48-hour mortality included age (OR = 1.02; 95% CI 1.008–1.036), triage category (OR = 3.23; 95% CI 2.23–4.67), respiratory rate (OR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.03–1.13), systolic blood pressure (OR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.97–0.99), and mental status (OR = 3.58; 95% CI 2.11–6.07). Conclusion: Several routinely collected data during initial admission to the emergency unit are independently associated with both 24-hour & 48-hour mortality. These results highlight that triage data can serve as meaningful predictors of early mortality and may support rapid risk stratification, resource allocation, and operational decision-making in the Emergency Department.

A Neuroscience Approach to a Virtual Reality (VR) Based Accommodation–Convergence Intervention for Evaluating Intra-Individual Mental Fatigue during Nearwork: A Crossover Experimental Study Concept

Riyadi Hartono — 2026-02-06

Introduction: Prolonged nearwork is associated with increased mental fatigue, a neurocognitive state marked by slower processing, reduced accuracy, and diminished executive performance. This condition affects up to 60–70% of students and office workers worldwide. Objective: Analyzing the effect of a VR-based Accommodation–Convergence Intervention on intra-individual mental fatigue parameters during nearwork from a neuroscience perspective. Methods: A crossover experimental study was developed involving 20 healthy male participants (18–25 years) to perform identical 60-minute Pauli test under two conditions: (1) 2D screen-based and (2) 3D VR based (reduce accommodation–convergence by projecting visual object at optical infinity). Mental fatigue was assessed using several biomarkers, including Pauli test performance, P300 amplitude and latency, and EEG Alpha–Theta PSD. Intra-individual differences between conditions were analyzed using a within-subject. The conceptual framework was supported by a synthesis of 100 peer-reviewed studies (2014–2024) establishing mental fatigue indicators biomarker. Results: Hypothetically, comparisons between 2D screen and 3D VR-based demonstrated improvement in endurance, reflected by a higher Pauli test performance slope, attenuating the increase in P300 latency-amplitude as well as changes in EEG Alpha–Theta indicative of mental fatigue. The results showed a trend of VR exposure across multiple biomarkers, although the confidence intervals were wide in this small-sample pilot study. Conclusion: This study illustrated a neuroscience-based framework demonstrating that accommodation–convergence intervention via VR may influence indicators of mental fatigue. By integrating EEG, P300, and the Pauli test, the approach provides an objective model for assessing intra-individual cognitive endurance.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review Of History, Development, Current Techniques, and Future Directions

Yudi Yuwono Wiwoho — 2026-02-06

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has gained increasing attention as a potential adjunctive treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. This narrative review discusses the historical background, current preclinical and clinical studies, and explores its underlying mechanisms from biomolecular, histological, and clinical perspectives. HBOT promotes neural recovery by improving oxygenation, preserving mitochondrial integrity, enhancing neurotrophic support and synaptic connectivity, mitigating secondary injury pathways (including oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis), and promoting angiogenesis and vascular stability. These mechanisms have demonstrated improvements of motor, cognitive, and memory functions both in preclinical and clinical studies, although outcomes and treatment protocols vary. However, challenges remain regarding optimal protocols, patient selection, and adverse effects. Further high-quality clinical trials are required to define the optimal HBOT regimen are required.

Chronic Lower Back Pain Among Hospital Workers: Effect of Ergonomic Chair Intervention on Quality of Working Life: A Literature Review

Zulfa Khairunnisa — 2026-02-06

Abstract

Chronic lower back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent occupational problem among hospital workers, primarily caused by prolonged sitting and poor ergonomic posture. This condition contributes to reduced productivity, discomfort, and diminished quality of working life. Ergonomic chair interventions have been introduced as a potential preventive and therapeutic strategy to alleviate pain and improve workplace well-being. A narrative literature review was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases from 2015 to 2025 using the keywords low back pain, chair intervention, and hospital workers. Selected studies discussed ergonomic chair modifications, posture correction, and work-related health outcomes. Most reviewed studies demonstrated that ergonomic chair interventions reduced pain intensity and disability scores, while improving posture stability and job satisfaction. Enhanced comfort and reduced fatigue were associated with better concentration and productivity. However, inconsistencies in chair design, user compliance, and study methods remain as limitations. A chair which is pivot adjustable and has adjustable backrest can reduce the muscle activity and also decreases the inter-vertebral disc pressure. Therefore, there is some support that adjustability of the chair can be directly associated with the function of the musculoskeletal system. Ergonomic chair interventions provide a promising approach to reducing CLBP and improving the quality of working life among hospital workers. Further high-quality studies are needed to develop standardized ergonomic recommendations for healthcare workplaces.

Keywords: ergonomic chair, hospital worker, low back pain, quality of working life

High Prevalence of Low Muscle Strength and Poor Physical Performance in Pre-Elderly and Elderly Communities in Rural Cirebon, Indonesia: A Public Health Measurement Initiative

Nanda Safira — 2026-02-06

Introduction: Sarcopenia, characterized by progressive muscle decline, threatens functional independence and global health sustainability. Early identification of low muscle strength is critical in community settings that lack advanced diagnostic tools. This cross-sectional study aimed to measure the prevalence of low muscle strength and identify key physical factors in a combined pre-elderly (45-59 years) and elderly (≥ 60 years) cohort, aligning with the concept of community-based physical fitness measurement. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 62 participants (67.7% female; 61.3% elderly) in Cirebon, Indonesia. Probable sarcopenia was screened using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS 2019) criteria: Low Muscle Strength (handgrip < 28 kg for men, < 18 kg for women) and Low Physical Performance (≥ 12.0 sec chair stand). Analysis included non-parametric tests and a multivariate logistic regression adjusting for age and calf circumference. Results: Low muscle strength prevalence was high at 66.1% (n = 41). Strength was significantly higher in males (20.30 kg) than females (15.66 kg, p-value = 0.004). Physical performance was poor, with 80.6% of the population meeting the criteria for slowness (median = 13.98 sec). Multivariate analysis identified calf circumference as a significant independent protective factor for both low strength (AOR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.62–0.92; p-value = 0.008) and poor performance (AOR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.57–0.96; p-value = 0.043). Advanced age was a significant predictor specifically for low muscle strength (AOR: 4.41; 95% CI: 1.23–17.6; p-value = 0.026). No significant associations were found with body mass index (BMI), blood sugar, cholesterol, smoking, or job status (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: The high prevalence of low muscle strength in this pre-elderly and elderly cohort, independently predicted by smaller calf circumference, signals a critical public health threat. This functional decline is primarily driven by physical and age-related factors, not socioeconomic status. Our findings demand urgent, community-based strength training programs to empower healthy aging and preserve functional independence.

Gluxsystem: Real-Time Monitoring of Diabetic Wounds Using an App-Iot Integrated Hydrogel Patch

Azizah Nur Sya'bani — 2026-02-02

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with severe complications, including diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The World Health Organization estimates that more than 830 million people worldwide are affected. DFU remains a leading cause of infection, amputation, and mortality, largely due to delayed detection of changes in the wound microenvironment. Objective: This study presents a theoretical design and conceptual framework for GLUXSYSTEM, an intelligent hydrogel-based patch integrating pH and glucose sensing with an application–IoT platform for non-invasive monitoring of diabetic wounds. Methods: The proposed sensing mechanisms are derived from established biochemical principles. pH sensing is conceptualized using a chitosan hydrogel containing glycerol and Bromothymol Blue (BTB), in which colorimetric changes result from pH-dependent protonation of the indicator. Glucose sensing is modeled using a PEGDA–APBA hydrogel embedded in a photonic crystal, in which glucose binding induces hydrogel swelling and structural color shifts. The system architecture envisions optical signal capture via a smartphone application for cloud-based data interpretation. Results: As a design-based study, the system is projected to produce distinguishable colorimetric responses corresponding to wound conditions. Based on the underlying chemical models, pH changes from acidic to alkaline would generate yellow-to-blue transitions, while increasing glucose concentration would produce structural color shifts from blue to purple and pink. These theoretical responses are consistent with reported associations between elevated pH/glucose levels and DFU severity. Conclusion: GLUXSYSTEM offers a conceptual, non-invasive approach to wound monitoring. While this study focuses on the design and integration framework, it provides a necessary foundation for future experimental validation and the development of accessible digital solutions in diabetic wound care.

Expression and Purification of Novel Peptide-Based Recombinant Proteins Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells

Istiqomah Agusta — 2026-02-06

Introduction: Peptides with specific affinity toward breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), including GYSASRSTIPGK and GAIRIRLSEPLS, have gained interest in targeted cancer diagnostics; however, the low abundance of BCSCs often results in limited detection sensitivity. This study addresses this limitation by conjugating BCSC-specific peptides to self-assembling Human Papillomavirus (HPV16) L1 protein, resulting in virus-like particles composed of 72 pentamers that provide substantial signal amplification. In addition, the SpyTag–SpyCatcher system derived from the Streptococcus pyogenes CnaB2 domain provides a robust strategy to enhance peptide–protein stability. Objectives: This study aimed to express and purify three recombinant proteins as key components for assembling a BCSC-specific diagnostic construct: HPV16 L1–SpyTag, SpyCatcher–GYSASRSTIPGK, and SpyCatcher–GAIRIRLSEPLS. Methods: Recombinant genes encoding the target proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21(DE3) following IPTG induction for 1–4 hours. Bacterial cells were harvested and lysed under native or denaturing conditions, and recombinant proteins were purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Results: SDS–PAGE analysis showed clear bands at the expected molecular weights for HPV16 L1–SpyTag (58.5 kDa), SpyCatcher–GYSASRSTIPGK, and SpyCatcher–GAIRIRLSEPLS (~15 kDa), with induction-dependent increases in band intensity. The SpyCatcher–peptide fusions were predominantly soluble and purified under native conditions, whereas HPV16 L1–SpyTag was largely insoluble and required denaturing purification. Conclusion: HPV16 L1–SpyTag and SpyCatcher–peptide fusions were successfully expressed and purified in E. coli, establishing a versatile platform with potential to enhance BCSC-targeted detection and treatment strategies in breast cancer.